Letter of the Day | Climate change: A sense of proportion

THE EDITOR, Madam:

I will draw attention to the fact that the perpetual melodrama of Donald Trump’s wars and other blunders blots out practically everything else on the news horizon. However, he is not the most important and dangerous phenomenon we must deal with today.

Trump’s wars are quite small affairs (2,200 dead Iranians, 100 dead Venezuelans and Cubans, 13 dead Americans), and there has never been any risk of a nuclear war: Iran has no nukes and has never even been near to getting them. The US has thousands of them, of course, but so long as the Iranians let Trump withdraw without losing face he won’t be tempted to use one.

There are only two other big wars at the moment, in Ukraine (four years old) and in Sudan (three years old). Each has killed about half a million people, but neither shows any signs of spreading more widely. On a planet with almost 200 countries and eight billion people, this scale of violence is not failure.

There is reason for worry, in the sense that two of the three greatest powers, Russia and America, have abandoned the international rule of law and are shamelessly waging aggressive wars, but they have not yet dragged everybody else in. Indeed, the Europeans, the Chinese and most developing countries are trying quite hard to protect and preserve that principle.

There’s probably also a big recession on the way because of the US attack on Iran and Tehran’s consequent closing of the Strait of Hormuz. It would be only the fifth recession since 1980, but it could be the deepest if the Strait stays closed to normal traffic for a few more months.

It seems like a long list of troubles but compared to most other decades of the past two thousand years it’s average to good. The Mongol invasions and the Black Death were definitely bad decades, but even the sum of all this doesn’t remotely compare with the threat of climate change. That is completely off the scale – and I hardly see it in the news feeds at all.

This is particularly unfortunate because we are entering a period where some major changes in climate policy will need to happen quite fast – a decade or two – if we are to avoid ending up on full ‘Hothouse Earth’ by the end of the century.

“Hothouse Earth’, according to the Stockholm Resilience Centre, “is a climate scenario where self reinforcing feedback loops push global temperatures four to five degrees Celsius above pre industrial levels and raise sea levels by 10–60 metres, rendering parts of the planet uninhabitable.” It is the ‘point of no return’, after which we can’t reverse the changes, and it’s not that far away.

Climate scientists are ultra-cautious in making statements about when they think these things will actually happen for fear of being accused of panic-mongering. However, I have interviewed most of the well-known ones (hint: two books on the subject in 2008 and 2024), and off the record they are even more frightened.

The problem is that the warming is not just ‘linear’. There is a smooth curve of warming driven mostly by human emissions, but the killers are the sudden upward lurches that are triggered by that same warming. These ‘feedbacks’ or ‘tipping points’ are activated by events like thawing permafrost, Amazon dieback, or loss of Arctic sea ice, and there are lots of them.

We already crossed one in 2023 (that’s when the average global temperature jumped to +1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial and never came back down again). There are about a dozen more of these climate tripwires, and if they all blow as predicted they could deliver the world to +3 degrees C as soon as 2050.

That’s 25 years from now, so if you’re under 60 – tag, you’re it. Beyond +3.0 degrees the climate is trapped on an up escalator that does not require further human emissions to reach +4.0 degrees, +5.0 degrees or +6.0 degrees.

This sort of thing has happened several times in the past half-billion years, usually caused by massive volcanic eruptions lasting many thousands of years. It always involves mass diebacks.

That is the Hell-bound train we are on at the moment, and we urgently need to get off. Do worry about the Third Gulf War and Ukraine and Lebanon and Gaza too, but keep a sense of proportion. This is what really matters.

GWYNNE DYER